RESUMO
The aim of this systematic review is to describe and identify the prospects of ß-Tricalcium Phosphate (ß-TCP) as an alveolar bone grafting (ABG) material in cleft lip/palate (CL/P) or alveolar bone cleft defects. A systematic review protocol based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 (PRISMA 2020) was drafted. The literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science/ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, with English as the inclusion criterion and no publication year limits. The keywords yielded a total of 5824 publications. After removing duplicates and non-English articles, there were 3196 suitable articles available for evaluation. Subsequently, 1315 studies remained after reviewing titles and abstracts. Furthermore, 85 full articles were assessed for eligibility. After reading the complete texts of those papers, 20 were eventually selected that matched the inclusion requirements. Thirteen out of the twenty studies included in this systematic review were deemed to have a low risk of bias; one had a high risk of bias; and six had a moderate risk of bias due to not reporting randomization. ß-TCP, when used as an ABG material, is biocompatible, visible, practical, offers a less invasive procedure, and does not interfere with orthodontic treatment. Synthetic ß-TCP for ABG can be an alternative to autologous bone grafts under certain terms and conditions. The efficacy of ß-TCP for ABG in CL/P or alveolar bone cleft defects can be enhanced through a tissue engineering approach that combines ß-TCP with growth factors, mesenchymal stem cells, or other graft materials, along with modifications to ß-TCP's physical properties.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neutralizing agents on the shear bond strength of hydrofluoric (HF)-etched porcelain in nonaging and aging conditions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty feldspathic porcelain specimens were prepared and divided into six groups to undergo different surface conditioning methods-group 1: control; group 2: HF; group 3: HF + calcium hydroxide; group 4: HF + calcium carbonate; group 5: HF + calcium gluconate; and group 6: HF + ultrasonic. All samples were immersed in 37°C distilled water for 24 h. Half of the samples were thermocycled in water for 5,000 cycles. The shear bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test at a 95% confidence level. The surface micromorphology and surface elements were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. RESULTS: The shear bond strengths of groups 2-6 were significantly higher than the control group in both aging and nonaging conditions (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among all of the HF-etched porcelain groups (p > 0.05). SEM images of groups 2-6 illustrated similar patterns of irregularity on the specimen surfaces. Elemental analysis of EDX demonstrated identical elements on surfaces of specimens of groups 2-6. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, shear bond strength values between HF-etched porcelain, HF-etching followed by application of neutralizing agents, and HF-etching followed by ultrasonic cleaning were not significantly different in both nonaging and aging conditions.
